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Mai 1968 révolutionna la France.
May 1968 revolutionized France.
Il y a cinquante ans, ce mouvement social étudiant et ouvrier changea l'Histoire.
Fifty years ago, this student and worker movement changed history.
Tout commença par la mobilisation des étudiants parisiens.
It all started with the mobilization of Parisian students.
Un mouvement essentiellement anti-autoritaire, libertaire qui dénonçait, à l'époque, l'impérialisme sous toutes ses formes, revendiquait la libération des moeurs et contestait la "vieille université" et la société de consommation qui avait gagné la France après 10 années de prospérité et le début du chômage.
An essentially anti-authoritarian, libertarian movement that at the time denounced imperialism in all its forms, claimed the liberation of morals and challenged the "old university" and the consumer society that had overcome France after 10 years of prosperity and the beginning of unemployment.
"Cours, camarade, le vieux monde est derrière toi", "Soyez réalistes, demandez l'impossible" sont autant de slogans qui fleurissent alors.
"Run, comrade, the old world is behind you", "Be realistic, ask the impossible" are so many slogans that flourished then.
Les manifestations furent suivies de répression policière, en mai et juin 1968.
The demonstrations were followed by police repression in May and June 1968.
On comptera au moins sept morts, plus de 2 000 blessés et des centaines d'arrestations.
There were at least seven dead, more than 2,000 wounded and hundreds of arrests.
Le "Mai français" est alors en alignement avec ce qui se passe dans les milieux étudiants et ouvriers d'un grand nombre de pays, en Allemagne, aux Etats-Unis, au Mexique, au Japon, au Brésil, en Tchécoslovaquie ou en Chine.
The "French May" was then in line with what was happening in the student and workers circles of a large number of countries, in Germany, the United States, Mexico, Japan, Brazil, Czechoslovakia or in China.
La cause étudiante attira la sympathie.
The student cause attracted sympathy.
Les ouvriers, d'abord hostiles au mouvement étudiant, se mirent en marche le 13 mai 1968 avec la plus importante grève générale du XXe siècle qui paralysera le pays pendant des semaines, dépassant celle de 1936 lors du Front populaire.
The workers, initially hostile to the student movement, set off on May 13, 1968 with the largest general strike of the twentieth century that paralyzed the country for weeks, exceeding that of 1936 during the Popular Front.
Au-delà des revendications matérielles ou salariales, il y a la remise en cause du régime gaullien installé depuis 1958.
Beyond material and wage demands, the Gaullist regime in place since 1958 was being challenged.
Pour De Gaulle, cette crise, c'est d'abord "la chienlit".
For De Gaulle, this crisis is first and foremost a "big mess".
Les ouvriers finiront par obtenir une augmentation du salaire moyen de 35 % et de 10 % pour les salaires réels, le paiement des jours de grève à 50 %, la création d'une section syndicale d'entreprise.
The workers eventually received a 35% increase of the average wage and of 10% for real wages, the payment of strike days at 50%, the creation of enterprise-level union sections.
Ce sont les accords de Grenelle, rejetés par la base, jamais signés mais appliqués par la suite par les gouvernements successifs.
These are the Grenelle accords, rejected by the rank and file, never signed but subsequently applied by successive governments.
Le basculement du mouvement aura lieu juste après, avec la reprise en main politique du général De Gaulle qui annonce la dissolution de l'Assemblée nationale le 29 mai et des élections anticipées pour le 30 juin 1968.
The movement's reversal took place just after, with the political takeover of General De Gaulle announcing the dissolution of the National Assembly on May 29 and early elections for June 30, 1968.
Sur une proposition du premier ministre d'alors, Georges Pompidou, qui deviendra le vrai vainqueur politique de ces événements.
On a proposal of then Prime Minister Georges Pompidou, who became the real political winner of these events.
Avec le recul, certains évoquent une révolution manquée mais des réformes réussies.
In hindsight, some people speak of a failed revolution but of successful reforms.
De cette période, restent certaines figures marquantes comme Daniel Cohn-Bendit, manifestant étudiant de la première heure qui s'exprimait ici depuis l'université de Francfort après son expulsion de France en 1968.
From this period, some leading figures remain such as Daniel Cohn-Bendit, a student protester from the outset who was speaking here from the University of Frankfurt after his expulsion from France in 1968.
"Je ne pense pas que ce mouvement se terminera par ce que nous voulons, une nouvelle société basée sur des conseils de travailleurs, vous savez.
"I do not think that this movement will end with what we want, a new society based on workers' councils, you know.
Je sais que ce n'est pas le moment.
I know it's not the right time.
Mais je pense qu'une chose importante et fantastique se passe en France.
But I think something important and fantastic is happening in France.
Les gens ont appris qu'ils pouvaient changer les choses s'ils descendaient dans la rue et occupaient les entreprises.
People have learned that they can change things if they go out into the streets and occupy factories.
C'est important."
It's important."
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Subtitles: French
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How May 68 changed France
Lawless French Notes
Expressions
Vocabulary
Grammar
- Mai 68 révolutionna, ce mouvement ... changea - passé simple
- ce mouvement, cette crise - demonstrative adjectives
- un mouvement ... qui dénonçait - relative pronoun
- qui dénonçait, revendiquait - imperfect
- ses formes - possessive adjectives
- qui avait gagné - past perfect
- derrière toi - stressed pronouns
- soyez, demandez - imperative
- les manifestations furent suivies - passé simple in the passive voice
- on comptera - informal "we"
- on comptera, la grève ... paralysera - historical future
- ce qui se passe, ce que nous voulons - indefinite relative pronouns
- ce qui se passe - pronominal verb
- les ouvriers ... se mirent - pronominal verb in the passé simple
- dépassant - present participle
- celle de 1936 - demonstrative pronoun
- le régime installé, rejetés par la base - past participles
- qui s'exprimait - pronominal verb in the imperfect
- ce mouvement se terminera - pronominal verb in the future
- les gens ont appris - passé composé
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